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OBJECTIVE：To e stablish the method for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of active components in Tibetan medicine Siwei jianghuang prescription ，and to optimize its decoction technology. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. Using soaking time ，the amount of added water ，decoction time and decoction times as factors ，comprehensive score of the contents of 10 kinds of components and solid extracts rate as response values ，one the basis of single factor test ，Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize its decoction technology. RESULTS ：The linear range of gallic acid ，corilagin，magnoflorine， ellagic acid ， hydrochloric jatrorrhizine ， hydrochloride palmatine ， hydrochloride berberine ， bisdemethoxycurcumin， demethoxycurcumin and curcumin were 0.280 6-1.683 6，0.289 6-1.737 6，0.320 8-1.924 8，0.116 0-0.696 0，0.018 9-0.113 5， 0.013 3-0.079 9，0.092 3-0.553 8，0.025 5-0.153 0，0.036 1-0.216 3，0.041 0-0.245 7 µg（all r were 0.999 9），respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.28，14.48，3.21，11.60，1.89，4.44，0.46，0.26，0.36，0.41 ng，respectively. The limits of detection were 0.11，4.14，1.24，3.32，0.58，1.33，0.13，0.09，0.14，0.12 ng，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3％. The recoveries were 92.56％-103.69％（RSDs were 0.90％-3.81％，n＝6）. The optimal decoction technology included soaking 60 min，adding 8-fold（mL/g）water，decoction for twice ，lasting for 65 min each time. In 6 validation tests ，comprehensive scores were 3.323 2-3.422 4，and the absolute value of the relative error with the predicted value （3.437 4）was less than 2％.CONCLUSIONS：Established method is simple and repeatable ，and can be used for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of active components in Siwei jianghuang prescription. Optimized decoction technology is stable and feasible.
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OBJECTIVE:To optimize extraction technology of cortex of Berberis dictyophylla by ethanol. METHODS:Using the contents of magnoflorine,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride and berberine hydrochloride,the amount of extract as evaluation indexes,the effects of ethanol amount,volume fraction of ethanol and extraction time on extraction technology were investigated by uniform design method-comprehensive scoring method. The extraction methods of first time, second time and third time were investigated by 3 times of uniform design test. The optimal schemes of 3 times of extraction test were determined and validation test was conducted,and the transfer rates were calculated. RESULTS:The optimal technology was as follows as coarse powder of cortex of B. dictyophylla,15-fold 75% ethanol,extracting for 2 times,120 min each time. In validation test,the contents of magnoflorine,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride and berberine hydrochloride were 58.96,4.82,3.07,23.29 mg/g after B. dictyophylla was extracted by optimization technology for 2 times. The transfer rates were 93.85%,95.02%,96.28%,94.88%,respectively(RSD=3.87%,2.64%,4.00%,3.91%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimal ethanol reflux extraction technology of cortex of B.dictyophylla is reasonable and feasible with good stability.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of gallic acid,magnoflorine,ellagic acid,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride,berberine hydrochloride and curcumin in Siwei jianghuang decoction powder.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on Capcell Pak C18-MG Ⅱ column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.The detection wavelengths were 270 nm (0-60 min,gallic acid,magnoflorine,ellagic acid,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride,berberine hydrochloride) and 428 nm (60-70 min,curcumin).The column temperature was set at 30 ℃,and sample size was 10 μL.RESULTS:The linear ranges of gallic acid,magnoflorine,ellagic acid,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride,berberine hydrochloride and curcumin were 0.249 6-1.497 6,0.284 0-1.704 0,0.075 6-0.453 6,0.015 9-0.095 9,0.023 6-0.141 6,0.098 2-0.589 0 and 0.060 4-0.362 4 μtg (r≥0.999 8).The limits of detection were 6.24,4.73,7.56,2.36,3.20,6.54,6.04 ng,and the limits of quantitation were 17.47,16.08,20.86,7.31,10.24,19.62,19.32 ng,respectively.RSDs of precision,stability (12 h),reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0％ (n=6).The recoveries were 95.45％-103.47％ (RSD=0.86％-1.98％,n=9).CONCLUSIONS:Established method is simple,accurate,reliable and suitable for simultaneous determination of 7 components such as gallic acid in Siwei jianghuang decoction powder.
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OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of Duoxuekang. METHODS:Using comprehensive score of salidroside,gallic acid content and extraction yield as indexes,U6(63)uniform design was designed to optimize the liquid-solid ra-tio,ethanol volume fraction and extraction time of Duoxuekang,then optimize extraction times,and verification test was conduct-ed. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology was as follows as 50% ethanol,liquid-solid ratio of 1:14,soaking time of 1.5 h,reflux extraction for 1 h and repeated twice;the average extraction yield in 3 tests was 50.18%,contents of salidroside and gal-lic acid were 1.82 mg/g,16.54 mg/g (RSD≤0.84%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimized extraction technology for Duox-uekang is reasonable,simple and feasible.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of sinalbin in Sinapis alba decoction piece. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Sepax HP-C18 with mobile phase of 50% acetonitrile-water solution(contain-ing 5 mmol/L tetraoctyl ammonium bromide)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 227 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of sinalbin was 0.010 1-0.202 4 mg/ml(r=0.999 7);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%,recovery was 98.51%-104.62%(RSD=1.90%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reliable,and can be used for determination of sinalbin in Sinapis alba decoc-tion piece.
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This article was aimed to survey the use of Chinese minority medicine, in order to provide differences and similarities among different Chinese minority medicine, and to analyze the relations among species resources, using range, functions and indications. It provided a basic scientific platform for the development, research and use of minority medicine. The books and journals published since the late 1970s (the country after the reform and opening up) had been collected, classified. And reference books on current Chinese minority medicine had been compiled. The results showed that the first draft of the book had been completed and delivered to the press. The dictionary had cited 53 traditional medicine used by minority groups. The total number of minority medicine was 7 734. The total characters amount in the book was 1 700 000 words. It was concluded that the species of minority medicine were various. There was rich information on their harvest, medicinal parts, functions and indications with prominent features. The existing major problems were to clarify the standard of the species as well as their major functions and indications.
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High altitude polycythemia (HAPC) had become one of the main common chronic diseases, which had seriously threatened the health of Plateau people. In the Tibetan medicine classic bookSi-Bu Yi-Dian, there were recordings on HAPC treatment methods and medications, which had the unique advantages of identified therapeutic effect with little side effect. This article analyzed Tibetan medicine in the prevention and treatment of HAPC from aspects such as etiology and pathogenesis, clinical treatment advantages and modern innovation study. Questions were also raised on lacking of standardization on HAPC clinical effectiveness, as well as Tibetan medicine compound material basis and action mechanisms were unclear. It was proposed that based on the inheritance of Tibetan medicine theoretical basis and clinical therapeutic effect, the Tibetan medicine original thinking should be combined with modern science and technology, in order to strengthen the analysis of ancient literature collection in HAPC treatment and data mining in medication experiences. The clinical treatment standards and medication plan should be standardized. Methods of systems biology, such as metabolomics, can be used in the further study of the scientific connotation of HAPC treatment by Tibetan medicine.
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Chinese medicine and Tibetan medicine both belong to the traditional medicine, and have their unique background and theoretical systems. There are similar features and differences in diagnosis of disease, syndrome and treatment between Chinese medicine and Tibetan medicine. Tibetan Zhenbu disease is common and frequently-occurring in plateau area with high morbidity, which is corresponding to rheumatoid arthritis in modern medicine and the category of Bi syndrome in Chinese medicine. During a long period of clinical efficacy verification, Tibetan treatment of Zhenbu disease presents to be little side effects, good curative effect, safe and economic etc. In the review, according to the introduction of Tibetan medicine and Chinese medicine, Zhenbu disease of Tibetan medicine and Chinese Bi syndrome will be compared in their pathogeneses and treatments to understand advantages and peculiarities of Tibetan medicine. The development of Tibentan medicine in the future will also be pointed out.
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Ethnic medicine is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine and excellent traditional culture. New products of ethnic medicine are important application form to play therapeutic advantages of ethnic medicine, whose research and development should focus on the maintenance of characteristics of ethnic medicine. From the perspective of the research and development of ethnic medicine, this article discussed research ideas in the development of new products of ethnic medicine and put forward that attention should be paid to the experience on using the ethnic medicine, related literature studies, and ethnic medicine resource protection and utilization as well. In addition, this article put forward the research tactics in new products of ethnic medicine, such as medicinal materials, effective parts, active ingredients, the secondary development research and so on, with a purpose of improving the level of researching and developing new products of ethnic medicine.
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This study was aimed to reveal the species characteristics of Chinese patent medicines for antitussive ef-fect and provide references for developing new drugs. This research targeted Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect which were included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the New National Chinese Patent Medicines as well as those characterized by keywords such as cough cure, cough alleviating, antitussive effect, cough, persistent cough. The analysis was made on the species characteristics, such as the number of Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect, license number, ethnomedicine patent medicines, drugs for children use, protection of varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, the number of drugs, the generic names of drug, and drug forms. The results showed that 684 Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect collected in this research had ac-counted for 8.60% of the total 7 260 of Chinese patent medicines. A total of 7 450 license numbers were approved, and 33% of the Chinese patent medicines shares one license number. One Chinese patent medicine owns 16.6 li-cense numbers on average. Ethnomedicine patent medicines had 3 Tibetan prescriptions such as the Shiwuwei Chenxiang pill and 4 Mongolian prescriptions, such as the Siwei Tumuxiang powder. Drugs for children accounted for 14%, including 9 forms. The type of the generic names of drug reached 16 and most of them originate from abbrevia-tions of the main drug in prescription. The number of drugs in prescription ranges from 8 to 16. Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect involved 16 forms, of which the proportion of the use of solid preparation was higher than the liquid preparation. It was concluded that Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect were characterized by such advantages such as a variety of species, various forms, the reasonable number of drugs, considerable medicine retail market share and drug for children use which can meet the clinical needs, and meanwhile some prob-lems, such as a lack of criteria for the generic names of drug, the homogenization of fierce competition, and inade-quacy of ethnomedicine patent medicines.
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This study was aimed to find out the optimum parameters to decoction extraction process of Brassicae Radix cream . With methods of integrated score and uniform design , contents of the total extract and the total polysaccharide were set as the target to investigate the optimization process of extraction. The experiment showed that the optimum extraction condition was as follows: ten folds of water, four times decoction at boiling tempera-ture , one hour for each time . It was concluded that the optimum parameters to decoction extraction of Brassicae Radix were stable and feasible, which can be used for the preparation and reference for Brassicae Radix cream in Tibetan clinics .
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This study was aimed to investigate the effects of extract from Tibetan medicine Berberis Cortex (TMBC) on expressions of protein kinase C (PKC-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) in the retina of diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were established by one time intraperitoneal injection of strepto-zocin (STZ). Rats were randomly divided into the model group, low-dose TMBC group, medium-dose TMBC group, high-dose TMBC group, metformin group, calcium dobesilate group, berberine group and the normal control group. Intragastric administration was given. The medication amounts of TMBC in the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose group were 5, 10, and 20 times to the adult medication dose. In the metformin group and the berberine group, 10 times of the adult medication dose were given. Distilled water was given in the model group and the normal con-trol group. After 6-week intragastric administration, all experimental rats were sacrificed. The expressions of PKC-β, VEGF and HIF-1α were examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay and western blot. HIF-1α ex-pression was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, the mRNA and protein expression of PKC-β, VEGF and HIF-1α increased obviously in the retina of diabetic rats ( P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression of PKC-β, VEGF and HIF-1α in the high-dose and medium-dose TMBC group reduced obviously (P< 0.01). The protein expression levels of PKC-β, VEGF and HIF-1α were also obviously reduced (P< 0.05). The expressions of PKC-β, VEGF and HIF-1α in the low-dose TMBC group were obviously reduced (P < 0.05). It was concluded that TMBC can depress the expressions of HIF-1α, PKC-β and VEGF in the retina of diabetic rats, which can be served as a protective effect to prevent progress of di-abetic retinopathy.
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This study took geo-authentic medicinal material Rhizoma Coptidis as an example and analyzed soil characteristics of the growing environment of Rhizoma Coptidis . The methods of ISSR, HPLC, 1H-NMR and NIR were respectively used for exploring its genotype and investigating on its chemitype . In the respects of an-ti-endotoxin, anti-bacterial activities and insulin resistance that was related to the treatment of diabetes, the pharmacodynamic type was studied and the relationship was comprehensively analyzed . The quality evaluation of geo-authentic medicinal materials was preliminarily established based on ecotype , genotype chemitype and phar-macodynamic type of Rhizoma Coptidis . Simultaneously, quality standards of Rhizoma Coptidis were set up in combination with genuine character , which provided the scientific basis for establishing Chinese medicine char-acteristic methods of quality evaluation of Rhizoma Coptidis .
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This study was aimed to reveal characteristics of functions, main indications and applications of Chinese patent medicines in order to provide references for development of new Chinese patent medicines for antitussive ef-fect. Chinese patent medicines recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the New Na-tional Chinese Patent Medicines were taken as research subjects. Chinese patent medicines classified in the function and indication with key words of cough-relieving, cough-suppressing, cough and chronic cough were col-lected. Analysis was made on the prescription characteristics, such as functions, main indications and applications. The results showed that there were 684 Chinese patent medicines and 462 terms, which were used for a total of 1533 times. The frequently-used terms are antitussive effect with expectorant, antitussive effect, expectorant, heat-clearing and exterior-releasing, antiasthmatic, wind-expelling and antipyretic, antitussive effect with antiasthmatic, purging lung heat, relieving exterior syndrome and moistening the lungs. All 684 Chinese patent medicines were used 48 ma-jor treatments for a total of 1107 times. The main indications include acute and chronic trachitis / bronchitis, exoge-nous wind-heat type of common cold, exogenous wind-cold type of common cold, cough with abundance of phlegm due to phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, acute upper respiratory tract infection, asthma, acute and chronic pharyngi-tis, lung heat cough, and etc. All 684 Chinese patent medicines used a total of 537 kinds of herbs and chemical medicines, including 441 kinds of herbal medicine, 36 kinds of animal medicine, 25 kinds of mineral medicine and 35 kinds of chemical medicine. The top ten herbs in terms of using frequency are Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma, Platycodonis radix, Armeniacae semen amarum, Menthae haplocalycis herba, Citri reticulatae pericarpium, Ephedrae herba, Scutellariae radix, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt, Pinelliae rhizoma, Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus. Among them, 1/4 of Chinese patent medicines used extract. Five kinds of food or fruits were also used, which were orange, fresh gin-ger, pear, watermelon and dried mushroom. It was concluded that Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect can be adopted in the treatment of various kinds of diseases, especially for the treatment of cough(heat cough in partic-ular), abundance of phlegm, asthma, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and etc. The treatment methods of clearing heat, dis-pelling wind and relieving exterior syndrome played an important role in the realization of antitussive effect. However, the expression of functions and main indications is far from standardized and clear. Drugs commonly used are herbal medicine plus animal medicine, mineral medicine and chemical medicine as well as food and fruit. The discovery of preparations with certain clinical curative effect from ethnomedicine and the using of their extracts as a major ingre-dient are one important way to develop new Chinese patent medicines with antitussive effect.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an HPLC method for determination of loganin in Pterocephalus hookeri.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The analysis was performed on a Welchrom C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with acetonitrile-water (12:88) as the the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was 240 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The peak areas and injection amounts of loganin had a good linear relationship at the range of 0.06-1.2 microg. The average recovery was 97.0%, and the RSD was 1.4%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, accurate, and can be used for its quality control.</p>
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Iridoids , Medicine, Tibetan Traditional , Plants, Medicinal , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the impact of Rhizoma Coptidis (drug-chemical extract parts-components) on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes differentiation and adipocytes insulin resistance, and reveal the pharmacodyamic material basis of Rhizoma Coptidis on insulin resistance.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were well cultured, and then induced to differentiate into fat cells by using dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine and insulin together, and establish the insulin resistance model. Based on the experience of traditional medicine use, the adipocytes differentiation and the glucose consumption in the cell culture medium were observed independently.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Aqueous extract, different chemical extract fraction and different alkaloid extract from the herb showed inhibitory effects on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes differentiation, especially the compound coptisine significantly inhibited the differentiation in the concentration of 16.5 micromol x L(-1), but non-alkaloid extract from the herb promoted cell differentiation significantly in the concentration of 6.0 micromol x L(-1). Each treatment group, especially jatrorrhizine hydrochloride (in the concentration of 10.5 micromol x L(-1)) significantly decreased the concentration of glucose in 3T3-L1 adipocytes culture, at the same time improved insulin resistance. These effects are similar to the role of rosiglitazone maleate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rhizoma Coptidis significantly improved insulin resistance, prevented pre-adipocytes differentiation. Its efficacy may be the synergistic effect of various components. Meanwhile, its role in inhibiting differentiation of pre-adipocytes indicates that coptis to increasing glucose uptake dose not cause fat accumulation and weight increasing. This has some clinical significance in the insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.</p>